Corrections? A founding member of the artists’ group Brücke, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner spent nearly twenty years in Switzerland, a period in his artistic activity seldom explored in German exhibition contexts. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). „Die Brücke“ war eine deutsche Künstlergruppe des Expressionismus, die 1905 in Dresden gegründet wurde und sich 1913 auflöste. Die Brücke was founded on 7th June 1905 by four architecture students. Mai 1880 in Aschaffenburg; † 15. Die Brücke. Sie wurde am 7. Like many avant-garde artists at the time, Kirchner and Heckel admired the apparent lack of artifice in art from places such as Africa and the Pacific islands and emulated this supposedly “primitive” quality in their own work. 1937 brandmarkten die Nationalsozialisten seine Werke als „entartet“. Poster for Die Brücke Date: 1907. The movement contributed to the revival of the woodcut, making it a powerful means of expression in the 20th century. Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), based in Munich and whose production developed approximately between 1910 and 1914. Die Brücke (A Ponte), nascido em Dresden e com um período de actividade estimado entre 1905 e 1913; e Der Blaue Reiter (O Cavaleiro Azul), sediado em Munique e cuja produção se desenvolveu aproximadamente entre 1910 e 1914. The following year, works by Die Brücke artists were included in the second Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider) exhibition by artist Franz Marc, thus linking the two formidable groups. From this date until 1913, regular exhibitions were held. Expressionism may never have happened were it not for the formation of the Die Brücke art movement in Dresden, 1905. Charakteristisch ist eine rohe Malweise, unvermischte Farben in intensiven Tö… © www.ErnstLudwigKirchner.org 2019. Today, both houses are owned by Eberhard W. Kornfeld. Die Brücke was founded by Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, and Karl Schmidt (later Schmidt-Ro ttluff) as an artist's associatio n in Dresden in 1905. The group was founded in 1905 in Germany by four architectural students in Dresden—Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, who gave the group its name, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. The use of heavy contrasting tones was also used by Norwegian Expressionist, Edvard Munch, and you will find great similarities between his work and those of the Die Brücke movement. The group was founded in 1905 in Germany by four architectural students in Dresden— Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, who gave the group its name, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Group of Artists, a painting by Kirchner from 1926/27 is shown to the left and depicts the four key figures of the movement, with Otto Mueller in place of Fritz Bleyl. ... Kirchner’s aesthetic trajectory can be traced through his experimentation with different materials, colors, and settings. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was one of the founding members of the Brücke. Similar qualities were being explored at the same time by the French Fauve artists, yet manifestations of angst, or anxiety, appear in varying degrees in the works of Die Brücke painters and generally distinguish their art from Fauvist art, which treats form and colour in a more lyrical manner. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, (born May 6, 1880, Aschaffenberg, Bavaria, Ger.—died June 15, 1938, near Davos, Switz. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (Pseudonym Louis de Marsalle; * 6. ), German painter and printmaker who was one of the leaders of a group of Expressionist artists known as Die Brücke (“The Bridge”). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. City scenes would leave you with feelings of loneliness and chaos, with the occasional central figure who would display poise and elegance. This idea was likely influenced by the precedent of Worpswede, an artists' colony in northern Germany established in the 1880s that brought cultural luminaries such as the early Expressionist paint… Primitivism appealed to this artist collective, as they also produced wooden sculptures and more simplistic styles of painting. Die Brücke (The Bridge), born in Dresden and with an estimated period of activity between 1905 and 1913. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, né le 6 mai 1880 à Aschaffenbourg, en Bavière et mort le 15 juin 1938 à Frauenkirch, près de Davos en Suisse, est un peintre expressionniste allemand et l'un des fondateurs de l’association Die Brücke. The first Die Brücke exhibition, held in 1906 in the Seifert lamp factory in Dresden, marked the beginning of German Expressionism. Fränzi Liegend (about twelve years old when this print was made) and her older sister Marcella were orphans whom Heckel and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner "adopted" as favored models around 1909 in Dresden. The affiliated artists often turned to simplified or distorted forms and unusually strong, unnatural colors to jolt the viewer and provoke an emotional response. Updates? The likes of Kirchner, though, preferred to throw the net much wider with regards drawing in ideas and inspirations to drive their own work. He volunteered for army service in the First World War, but soon suffered a breakdown and was discharged. A) Expressionism B) Fauvism C) Futurism D) Machine Aesthetic. Inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche who wrote that “what is great in man is that he is a bridge and not a goal,” these artists saw themselves as bridges. Many members of the group held a great enthusiasm for the use of woodblocks, a technique which suggests the influence of past members of the North Renaissance, such as Albrecht Durer and Lucas Cranach. The group also enlisted “honorary members” to whom they issued annual reports and gift portfolios of original prints, which are highly valued collector’s items today. As one of the founding artists of 'Die Brücke' group in 1905, Kirchner is essential to the history of German expressionism, a movement he virtually personifies. You will also see the influence of African art on Pablo Picasso, who bridged the gap between the continent and European abstact art. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th-century art. Die Brücke veut détruire les vieilles conventions. The artists’ group Die Brücke was established in 1905, a moment that is recognized as the birth of Expressionism. Die Brücke (The Bridge) was a group of young German artists, who came together since 1905 - first in Dresden and later in Berlin - as a part of the whole art movement Expressionism of Germany. This question hasn't been answered yet Ask an expert. Die Brücke relocated to Berlin, Germany, in 1911, as did Kirchner himself. Con lo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale Kirchner si arruolò, ma nel 1915 fu colpito da un fortissimo esaurimento nervoso che influenzò il suo stile e i cui postumi lo avrebbero perseguitato per … Ernst Kirchner e A Ponte (Die Brücke) Woman holding a bag, … This technique was also used effectively by a number of artists from Japan as well. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was a founding member of the groundbreaking German art movement, known as Die Brücke, and formed in the city of Dresden in 1905. Like many other artists Expressionist styles had threatened his artistic career with the takeover of the Nazis massive. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Other artists joined the organization over the next several years, including Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein, Otto Müller, the Swiss artist Cuno Amiet, the Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela, and the Dutch Fauvist painter Kees van Dongen. Another interesting aspect to the four initial members of the group was that none had received academic training in their early lives, ensuring that their ideas and techniques were pure and undiluted by art academics. Die Brücke — and Kirchner most emphatically — wanted to live and work like authentic artists. Selon Kirchner, il ne faut pas s'imposer de règles. Any academic training would have led them down the very same path as previous artists had followed and seriously impacted their creativity as a result. Its leading members were Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Max Pechstein, and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. In terms of colour, their balances are bold - the closest comparison can perhaps be made with traditional art from the regions of Africa and Oceania. All Rights Reserved. The paintings and prints by Die Brücke artists encompassed all varieties of subject matter—the human figure, landscape, portraiture, still life—executed in a simplified style that stressed bold outlines and strong colour planes. Juni 1905 in Dresden von den vier Architekturstudenten Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel und Karl Schmidt-Rottluff gegründet und im Mai 1913 in Berlin aufgelöst. Die Brucke Breve riassunto delle caratteristiche della corrente artistica Die Brücke e descrizione di due quadri apparteneti a questo movimento di Kirchner e Heckel. In 1905, painter and printmaker Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, along with Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff—all untrained in the visual arts—founded the artists’ group Die Brücke, or “The Bridge,” a moment that is now considered the birth of German Expressionism. Most, inne nazwy Brücke lub KG Brücke) – ugrupowanie niemieckich artystów ekspresjonistów, które powstało w Dreźnie w 1905 roku. From autumn 1923, Kirchner lived in a house on the Wildboden. The leaders of this forward-thinking artist collective included Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. Additionally, contrasts have been made to the Fauvists, such as Matisse, who also chose abrupt colour schemes that would immediately strike you before you could process the precise details placed in front of you. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th-century art. Die Brücke war eine Künstlergruppe (auch „KG Brücke“), die heute als wichtiger Vertreter des Expressionismus und als Wegbereiter der klassischen Moderne gilt. Die Brücke (The Bridge) - in quotes. Restrictions were to be thrown aside in favour of full expression, focusing more on emotion than reproducing reality. Vier Architekturstudenten – Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Erich Heckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluffund Fritz Bleyl – schlossen sich zu gemeinsamer autodidaktischer Kunstübung zusammen. They believed this to be a huge positive and perhaps a sign of changing times within the art world, which they viewed as stuffy and in need of progression in line with the rest of society at that time. Detail was relatively sparse, just enough for the viewer to identify different elements of the composition, leaving portraits with a somewhat ghostly appearance. Die Brücke's 1905 founding in Dresden also marked the birth of German Expressionism. His mature style was highly personal and notable for its psychological tension and eroticism. L'inspiration doit couler librement afin de donner l'immédiateté de l'expression selon les émotions et la conscience subjective de l'artiste, encourageant ainsi un dessin rapide, des … Die Brücke rejected the approach of Impressionism in art and searched for intensive and emotional painting by using emotive and unbroken colors in strong forms. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938) del grupo artìstico conocido con el nombre de "Die Brücke" Hoy dia se les clasifica dentro del expresionismo. Die Brücke art was also deeply influenced by the expressive simplifications of late German Gothic woodcuts and by the prints of the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch. The group was later joined by Max Pechstein (1881-1955), Otto Mueller (1874-1930) and Emil Nolde (1867-1956). Die Brücke, (German: “The Bridge”) organization of German painters and printmakers that from 1905 to 1913 played a pivotal role in the development of Expressionism. These young artists formed an idealistic, communal atmosphere in which they shared techniques and exhibited together. Die Brücke, or The Bridge. Die Brücke (El Puente) es la tendencia artística de un grupo de pintores alemanes expresionistas reunidos en Dresde entre 1905 y 1913.En 1913 "La crónica" de Kirchner provoca la disolución de este grupo de artistas. They were: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938), Erich Heckel (1883-1970), Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (1884-1976) and Fritz Bleyl (who left shortly afterwards). Die Brücke (niem. At the group's genesis, the artists of Die Brücke envisioned themselves primarily as a bohemian collective of artists. Die Brücke (The Bridge) was a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The lack of detail would ensure that long brushstrokes would be used to define form, whilst often shapes would clash rather than merge, with abrupt edges underlining the idea of this being art directly from emotion. At that stage he was joined by fellow enthusiasts Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. From their first manifesto, written by Kirchner in 1905, Die Brücke sought to create an authentic art that defied the conventions of traditional painting as well as the then-dominant schools of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Die Brücke ("Ponte") è stato un gruppo di artisti dell'avanguardia tedesca formatosi a Dresda il 7 giugno 1905.Il gruppo fu all'origine di un più vasto e localmente diversificato movimento, denominato espressionismo tedesco e caratterizzato, a differenza delle analoghe proposizioni francesi, da atteggiamenti di decisa opposizione politica e sociale. Nel 1913 il gruppo Die Brücke si sciolse a causa delle forti polemiche e rivalità sorte al suo interno. Die Brücke, (German: “The Bridge”) organization of German painters and printmakers that from 1905 to 1913 played a pivotal role in the development of Expressionism.. He volunteered for army service in the First World War, but soon suffered a breakdown and was discharged. Omissions? They did not seek revolution, rather evolution but also rarely looked beyond styles relatively local to themselves. German, 1880–1938. Founding members were Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff.Later members were Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein and Otto Mueller.The seminal group had a major impact on the evolution of modern art in the 20th century and the creation of expressionism. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Die-Brucke. About this artwork. This artwork was created in the years 1909/1910, about 4-5 years after the founding of the group „Die Brücke“. Hence, they termed themselves as The Bridge, or Die Brücke in their native German. Moreover, his formal style suggests Johannes Gutenberg's innovations in moveable type, with a large capital "M" serving as … Juni 1938 in Frauenkirch-Wildboden bei Davos/Schweiz) war ein deutscher Maler und Grafiker und zählt zu den wichtigsten Vertretern des Expressionismus.Kirchner war ein Gründungsmitglied der Künstlergruppe Brücke. Założone zostało przez czterech studentów architektury: Fritza Bleyla, Ericha Heckela, Ernsta Ludwiga Kirchnera i Karla Schmidt-Rottluffa.Później dołączyli do nich: Emil Nolde i Max Pechstein oraz Otto Mueller (). Its name translates as “The Bridge,” a metaphor for art’s purpose of opening passage to new worlds. (By 1911, however, Die Brücke’s activities had shifted to Berlin, where several of the members were living.) Portraits, landscapes and scenes of city life form most of their paintings produced under this theme of "The Bridge". Ernst Kirchner e A Ponte (Die Brücke) Mulher segurando mala, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, 1915. There were already volatile relationships among the artists, but these rifts increased in the years after 1911. Question: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner’s Die Brücke (The Bridge) And Wassily Kandinsky’s Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) Were The Major Groups In What Art Movement? Artist: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner German, 1880-1938. Many previous artistic movements in Europe had simply passed on ideas and techniques from previous generations, adding their own innovations as they went. Bis 1910 entwickelten sie einen neuen Malstil, den sie auch auf den Holzschnitt und die Holzskulptur übertrugen. Kirchner's choice of the woodcut medium indicates Die Brücke's reverence for German precedents and direct representation. Their shared beliefs, which were catalogued in an artist manifesto, sought to bridge the gap between traditional and academic art and what could be found in the future. In 1913, provoked by Kirchner’s highly subjective accounts of their activities in the Chronik der Künstlergemeinschaft Brücke, the group disbanded.