Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles are his most famous poetry collections. After leaving France, Hugo lived in Brussels briefly in 1851, and then moved to the Channel Islands, first to Jersey (1852–1855) and then to the smaller island of Guernsey in 1855, where he stayed until Napoleon III's fall from power in 1870. Ce poème nous décrit tout d’abord un paysage romantique, mélancolique, puis une rêverie propice à l’inspiration, tout cela autour d’un décor exotique, et de plusieurs types de natures. Some great events marked Hugo's early childhood. In France, Hugo is renowned for his poetry collections, such as Les Contemplations (The Contemplations) and La Légende des siècles (The Legend of the Ages). Victor-Marie Hugo (Besançon, 26 de fevereiro de 1802 — Paris, 22 de maio de 1885) foi um romancista, poeta, dramaturgo, ensaísta, artista, estadista e ativista pelos direitos humanos francês de grande atuação política em seu país. [69], 19th-century French poet, novelist, dramatist and politician, Festival international Victor Hugo et Égaux, Le Festival de Radio France et Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon, On the role of E. de Jouy against V.Hugo, see. He lived there again in 1872-1873. It was only after Napoleon III fell from power and the Third Republic was proclaimed that Hugo finally returned to his homeland in 1870, where he was promptly elected to the National Assembly and the Senate. When he was young, he was a conservative royalist. Hugo worked only on paper, and on a small scale; usually in dark brown or black pen-and-ink wash, sometimes with touches of white, and rarely with color. Hugo returned to political and social issues in his next novel, L'Homme Qui Rit (The Man Who Laughs), which was published in 1869 and painted a critical picture of the aristocracy. Victor Marie Hugo was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. Many things Chateaubriand did, Hugo copied. Hugo, Victor, Choses vues 1870–1885, Gallimard, 1972. I demand a prayer to all souls. je ne l'ai plus ! Throughout his life Hugo kept believing in unstoppable humanistic progress. Rorschach blots), "grattage" or rubbing, often using the charcoal from matchsticks or his fingers instead of pen or brush. Hugo's eldest and favourite daughter, Léopoldine, died aged 19 in 1843, shortly after her marriage to Charles Vacquerie. This is a crime I am going to commit", but he felt he had to assume that responsibility. c’est l’heure où l’horizon qui fume Cache un front inégal sous un cercle de brume, L’heure où l’astre géant rougit et disparaît. It also initially published only the first part of the novel ("Fantine"), which was launched simultaneously in major cities. He shares a crypt within the Panthéon with Alexandre Dumas and Émile Zola. Remarkably, not only Hugo's literary production has been the source of inspiration for musical works, but also his political writings have received attention from musicians and have been adapted to music. Hugo decided to live in exile after Napoleon III's coup d'état at the end of 1851. When Hugo was young, he said he would be Chateaubriand ou rien (“Chateaubriand or nothing”). The Hugo family came from Nancy in Lorraine where Victor Hugo's grandfather was a wood merchant. From there he became a non-practising Catholic and increasingly expressed anti-Catholic and anti-clerical views. R. Laffont, 1985 - 15 vol. This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 03:13. I keep looking at that moment of my life (toute nue) he meant she stripped naked in front of him. On 28 June, the city of Paris changed the name of the Avenue d'Eylau to Avenue Victor-Hugo. Drawing became his exclusive creative outlet between 1848 and 1851. to his publisher, who replied with a single '!'. Victor Hugo estis la lasta de tri infanoj. The avenue where he died, in Paris, now bears his name. It is popular worldwide and has been adapted for cinema, television, and stage shows. Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles are his most famous poetry collections. His death generated intense national mourning. Les Misérables proved popular enough with the masses that the issues it highlighted were soon on the agenda of the National Assembly of France. Je regarde toujours ce moment de ma vie Je regarde toujours ce moment de ma vie He is buried in the Panthéon, in Paris. It was quickly translated into other languages across Europe. After three unsuccessful attempts, Hugo was finally elected to the Académie française in 1841, solidifying his position in the world of French arts and letters. Other speeches called for universal suffrage and free education for all children. ; Politique de confidentialité ... RÊVERIE. In France, Hugo's literary fame comes first from his poetry and then from his novels and his dramatic achievements. Hugo himself considered it to be a precursor to his great work on social injustice, Les Misérables. One of the effects of the novel was to make the inhabitants of Paris restore the neglected Cathedral of Notre Dame, which was attracting thousands of tourists who had read the popular novel. Homophones are frequent: Seins (Breasts) becomes Saint; Poële (Stove) actually refers to Poils (Pubic hair). Commentaire de Rêverie - Victor Hugo, extrait des Orientales Les Orientales est un recueil de poème dont est issu Rêverie. Vita. Every inch and detail of the event was for Hugo; the official guides even wore cornflowers as an allusion to Fantine's song in Les Misérables. One of the effects of the novel was to shame the City of Paris into restoring the much-neglected Cathedral of Notre Dame, which was attracting thousands of tourists who had read the popular novel. He was one of the earlier supporters of the concept of domaine public payant, under which a nominal fee would be charged for copying or performing works in the public domain, and this would go into a common fund dedicated to helping artists, especially young people. laissez-moi ! When the book was finally written, Tréjean became Jean Valjean.[14]. Finally, he was forced into exile because of his political views. Hugo kept his artwork out of the public eye, fearing it would overshadow his literary work. Dans le drame romantique, l'amour et la mort sont liés. Despite his personal loss, Hugo remained committed to the cause of political change. Marchers stretched from the Avenue d'Eylau, where the author was living, down the Champs-Élysées, and all the way to the centre of Paris. The Congress, of which Hugo was the President, proved to be an international success, attracting such famous philosophers as Frederic Bastiat, Charles Gilpin, Richard Cobden, and Henry Richard. She settled in Paris. At the time, Hugo was only twenty years old. La rêverie est une modification de l'état de veille d'un individu sous la forme d'un détachement mental momentané de son environnement réel immédiat. [8], Well over one thousand musical compositions have been inspired by Hugo’s works from the 1800s until the present day. C. Pulsoni, "L'orazione di Victor Hugo trasformata in musica". I shout and I feel indignant and I cry. He stayed in Naples and Rome for six months, before going back to Paris. Therefore, Hugo's early work, mainly in poetry, show him praising monarchism and faith. This was only shortly after her marriage. He was honoured by interment in the Panthéon. Le grand bois jaunissant dore seul la colline. Her young husband died trying to save her. Les Misérables proved popular enough with the masses that the issues it highlighted were soon on the agenda of the French National Assembly. The critical establishment was generally hostile to the novel; Taine found it insincere, Barbey d'Aurevilly complained of its vulgarity, Flaubert found within it "neither truth nor greatness," the Goncourts lambasted its artificiality, and Baudelaire - despite giving favorable reviews in newspapers - castigated it in private as "tasteless and inept." Both a graphomaniac and erotomaniac, he systematically reported his casual affairs using his own code, as Samuel Pepys did, to make sure they would remain secret. The house where he stayed in Vianden, Luxembourg, in 1871 has also become a museum. Sophie found out that Leopold had been living in secret with an Englishwoman called Catherine Thomas. They met in Châteaubriant, a few miles from Nantes in 1796 and married the following year. [65], Hugo gave free rein to his sensuality until a few weeks before his death. Although Napoleon III granted an amnesty to all political exiles in 1859, Hugo declined, as it meant he would have to curtail his criticisms of the government. C'est une sorte de « rêve éveillé ». Like many young writers of his generation, Hugo was profoundly influenced by François-René de Chateaubriand, the famous figure in the literary movement of Romanticism and France's pre-eminent literary figure during the early 19th century. He left his children a note reading as follows : "J.D. This square is served by a Paris Métro stop also named in his honour. The Belgian publishing house Lacroix and Verboeckhoven undertook a marketing campaign unusual for the time, issuing press releases about the work a full six months before the launch. Ông cũng đồng thời là một nhà chính trị, một trí thức dấn thân tiêu biểu của thế kỷ XIX.. Victor Hugo … Hugo himself particularly enjoyed the music of Gluck and Weber. As Hugo's father was an officer, the family moved frequently. Victor Hugo est né le 26 Février 1802 à Besancon et mort à Paris le 23 Mai 1885. Quoi donc ! Hugo also worked with composer Louise Bertin, writing the libretto for her 1836 opera La Esmeralda, which was based on the character in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. A new translation of the full work, with a detailed biographical sketch of Victor Hugo's life, a chronology, and notes. Outside of France, his novels Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris (known in English also as The Hunchback of Notre Dame) are his most famous works. It is said Hugo was on vacation when Les Misérables (which is over 1200 pages) was published. Her heavy skirts pulled her down, when a boat overturned. Many years after their separation, Hugo made a point of supporting her financially. This page was last changed on 14 September 2020, at 10:47. Despite their respective affairs, they lived together for nearly 46 years until she died in August 1868. Les Feuilles d'automne est un recueil de poèmes de Victor Hugo publié en 1831.Il regroupe en particulier six poèmes appelés Soleils couchants [1].. Extraits. She is my widow." The conference helped establish Hugo as a prominent public speaker and sparked his international fame, and promoted the idea of the "United States of Europe". Drawing became his exclusive creative outlet during the period 1848-1851. that instant—too much for tears! discovered in November 1875 may refer to Sarah Bernhardt.[66]. The pamphlets were banned in France but nonetheless had a strong impact there. L'instant, pleurs superflus ! Hugo died on 22 May 1885 in Paris, France from an infection, aged 83. laissez-moi ! [12], From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Walsh, William S: 'Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities, On the role of E. de Jouy against V.Hugo, see. 1800).. Doba dětství Viktora Huga byla poznamenána politickými zvraty. After a rendezvous with a young woman named Laetitia he would write Joie (Happiness) in his diary. In the city of Avellino, Italy, Victor Hugo lived briefly stayed in what is now known as Il Palazzo Culturale when reuniting with his father, Leopold Sigisbert Hugo, in 1808. [1], Since Hugo's father was an officer in Napoleon's army, the family moved frequently from posting to posting, Sophie had three children in four years. British Railways perpetuated this memorial, naming Class 92 Electric Unit 92001 after him. The shop is on Melville Terrace, over looking the meadows and next to University of Edinburgh halls of residence, Sciennes. Ce siècle avait deux ans « Ce siècle avait deux ans !Rome remplaçait Sparte, Déjà Napoléon perçait sous Bonaparte, Period: Early 20th century: Piece Style Romantic: Instrumentation Voice, Piano He finally settled with his family at Hauteville House in Saint Peter Port, Guernsey, where he would live in exile from October 1855 until 1870. Léopold enlisted in the army of Revolutionary France at fourteen, he was an atheist and an ardent supporter of the republic created following the abolition of the monarchy in 1792. François-René de Chateaubriand, the famous Romantic writer, influenced Hugo during the early 1800s. London, Charles Gilpin, 1849, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (. His work touched upon most of the political and social issues and the artistic trends of his time. Sometimes he would even toss in coffee or soot to get the effects he wanted. More than one hundred operas are based on Hugo's works and among them are Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia (1833), Verdi's Rigoletto (1851) and Ernani (1844), and Ponchielli's La Gioconda (1876). The Academicians refused to believe that he was only fifteen. He had a casual interest in Spiritualism during his exile (where he participated also in seances), and in later years settled into a Rationalist Deism similar to that espoused by Voltaire. Victor Hugo. ", Hugo & American Anti-Slavery Society 1860, "Victor Hugo's diary tells how Parisians dined on zoo animals", "Bicentenaire de Victor Hugo (1802-2002) - Sénat, French Government", "Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh. Victor-Marie Hugo was born on 26 February 1802 in Besançon in Eastern France. The Belgian publishing house Lacroix and Verboeckhoven undertook a marketing campaign unusual for the time, issuing press releases about the work a full six months before the launch. c’est l’heure où l’horizon qui fume Cache un front inégal sous un cercle de brume, L’heure où l’astre géant rougit et disparaît. Reverie : Introduction : Victor Hugo, a écrit « Réverie », extrait du recueil « les orientales ». ), francuski romanopisac, pjesnik, esejist, dramaturg i aktivist za ljudska prava, te možda najutjecajnija ličnost francuskog romantizma.Iako je u Francuskoj najpoznatiji po svojim pjesmama i dramama, u ostalom svijetu znamo ga po romanima Jadnici (Les Misérables) i Zvonar crkve Notre-Dame (Notre-Dame de Paris). Though the poems were admired for their spontaneous fervor and fluency, the collection that followed four years later in 1826 (Odes et Ballades) revealed Hugo to be a great poet, a natural master of lyric and creative song. He sought a wide variety of women of all ages, be they courtesans, actresses, prostitutes, admirers, servants or revolutionaries like Louise Michel for sexual activity. In his will, he made the same stipulation about his own death and funeral. Hugo returned to political and social issues in his next novel, L'Homme Qui Rit (The Man Who Laughs), which was published in 1869 and painted a critical picture of the aristocracy. The Hague, between about Wednesday, 13 & about Monday, 18 December 1882", "Mercredi 23 juillet – 20h – Opéra Berlioz / Le Corum", "Victor Hugo's House in Pasaia – European Romanticisms in Association", "Caodaism: A Vietnamese-centred religion", http://www.miniweb.com.br/Literatura/Artigos/imagens/victor_hugo/face_oculta.pdf, Guernsey's Victor Hugo International Music Festival, Study of Victor Hugo for 'Le panorama du siècle', (Panorama of the Century), Translation of The legend of Victor Hugo by Paul Lafargue, The Century Was Two Years Old : Victor Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Topsy Turvy Games, Disney's Animated Storybook: The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Hugo&oldid=996525260, 19th-century French dramatists and playwrights, Members of the Chamber of Peers of the July Monarchy, Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic, Writers who illustrated their own writing, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with KULTURNAV identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Let those who have loved me love her. The school Lycée Victor Hugo was founded in his town of birth, Besançon in France. His legacy has been honoured in many ways, including his portrait being placed on French currency. Originally pursued as a casual hobby, drawing became more important to Hugo shortly before his exile, when he made the decision to stop writing in order to devote himself to politics. This helped his reputation as one of the greatest elegiac and lyric poets of his time. From 1859, his exile was by choice. But Hugo’s first successful novel Notre-Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame), which was published in 1831. On 4 September, she drowned in the Seine at Villequier when a boat overturned. A few years before his birth, the Bourbon Dynasty was overthrown during the French Revolution. When Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) seized complete power in 1851, establishing an anti-parliamentary constitution, Hugo openly declared him a traitor to France. [53] Despite his popularity, Hugo lost his bid for re-election to the National Assembly in 1872. Oh ! The death left her father devastated; Hugo was travelling at the time, in the south of France, when he first learned about Léopoldine's death from a newspaper that he read in a café.[61]. Hugo's religious views changed radically over the course of his life. He became a mentor to Victor and his brothers. Hugo took on the role of a maverick and got little done in the Senate. Reverie definition, a state of dreamy meditation or fanciful musing: lost in reverie. The critical establishment was generally hostile to the novel; Taine found it insincere, Barbey d'Aurevilly complained of its vulgarity, Gustave Flaubert found within it "neither truth nor greatness", the Goncourt brothers lambasted its artificiality, and Baudelaire – despite giving favourable reviews in newspapers – castigated it in private as "repulsive and inept". Compiled from authentic documents under the superintendence of the Peace Congress Committee. On 27 June, one of the largest parades in French history was held. Dedicated to the channel island of Guernsey, where he spent 15 years of exile, Hugo tells of a man who attempts to win the approval of his beloved's father by rescuing his ship, intentionally marooned by its captain who hopes to escape with a treasure of money it is transporting, through an exhausting battle of human engineering against the force of the sea and a battle against an almost mythical beast of the sea, a giant squid. Additionally, Hugo’s beautiful poems have attracted an exceptional amount of interest from musicians, and numerous melodies have been based on his poetry by composers such as Berlioz, Bizet, Fauré, Franck, Lalo, Liszt, Massenet, Saint-Saëns, Rachmaninov and Wagner.[9]. Sophie separated temporarily from her husband in 1803, as it was a difficult life. [44] He also greatly admired Beethoven, and rather unusually for his time, he also appreciated works by composers from earlier centuries such as Palestrina and Monteverdi. Adèle and Victor Hugo had their first child, Léopold, in 1823, but the boy died in infancy. Hugo was on vacation when Les Misérables was published. When Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) grabbed complete power in 1851, establishing an anti-parliamentary constitution, Hugo openly declared him a traitor to France. He wrote many poems afterward about his daughter's life and death, and at least one biographer claims he never completely recovered from it. Hugo married Adèle Foucher in October 1822. The United States must renounce slavery, or they must renounce liberty. 1798) a Eugéne Hugo (nar. "[28] His influence was credited in the removal of the death penalty from the constitutions of Geneva, Portugal, and Colombia. unconsolable by anything on earth, Où je criai : L'enfant que j'avais tout à l'heure, On the deaths of his sons Charles and François-Victor, he insisted that they be buried without crucifix or priest, and in his will made the same stipulation about his own death and funeral. Les Misérables, Random House Publishing Group, 2000, 1280 pages. The house where he stayed in Vianden, Luxembourg, in 1871 has also become a commemorative museum. His faithful mistress, Juliette Drouet, died in 1883, only two years before his own death. par Victor Hugo 17 Lectures 0 Points 0 AVIS, CRITIQUES ET ANALYSES. The paraders marched for six hours to pass Hugo as he sat in the window at his house. [6] Although for various reasons the opera closed soon after its fifth performance and is little known today, it has been recently enjoying a revival, both in a piano/song concert version by Liszt at the Festival international Victor Hugo et Égaux 2007[7] and in a full orchestral version to be presented in July 2008 at Le Festival de Radio France et Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon. [5] He had also pleaded for Benito Juarez to spare the recently captured emperor Maximilian I of Mexico but to no avail. I refuse [funeral] orations from all Churches. A Freethinker". In particular, Hugo's plays, in which he rejected the rules of classical theatre in favour of romantic drama, attracted the interest of many composers who adapted them into operas. [19] Thereafter, he became increasingly involved in French politics. In Les Misérables, he calls the huntsman's chorus in Weber's Euryanthe, "perhaps the most beautiful piece of music ever composed". He had two older brothers called Abel Joseph Hugo (1798–1855) and Eugène Hugo (1800–1837). "[15] Publication of Les Misérables went to the highest bidder. for kisses) or to Spanish (Misma. [10] In Guernsey, every two years the Victor Hugo International Music Festival attracts a wide range of musicians and the premiere of songs specially commissioned from Guillaume Connesson and based on Hugo’s poetry. Victor-Marie Hugo (French: [viktɔʁ maʁi yɡo] (listen); 7 Ventôse year X [26 February 1802] – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. 1. words by Victor Hugo 2. words by Victor Hugo 3. words by François Coppée 4. words by André Theuriet 5. words by Théodore de Banville 6. words by Théophile Gautier 7. words by Théodore de Banville; also choral version: No. Œuvres complètes de Victor Hugo dirigée par Jacques Seebacher et Guy Rosa; en collaboration avec le Groupe Inter-universitaire de travail sur Victor Hugo-Paris VII. This last phase of his political career was considered a failure. After this, he wrote many poems about his daughter's life and death. He ranked very high in Napoléon's army. It reflected his interest for society which appeared more often in his later work. Hugo lived in France for most of his life. Hang him! "[2] Hugo believed himself to have been conceived on 24 June 1801, which is the origin of Jean Valjean's prisoner number 24601. Hubert Juin: Victor Hugo, tome 1: 1802-1843 (Flammarion, 1992) ISBN 2-08-064978-7 After three unsuccessful attempts, Hugo was finally elected to the Académie française in 1841, confirming his position in the world of French arts and letters. "[31] Yet he made a point of offering his support to members of the Commune subjected to brutal repression. Dante. Liukkonen, Petri (2000). His parents had different political and religious views. The pamphlets were banned in France, but nonetheless had a strong impact there. Pieuvre avec les initales V.H., ("Octopus with the initials V.H. He had been in Brussels since 22 March 1871 when in the 27 May issue of the Belgian newspaper l’Indépendance Victor Hugo denounced the government's refusal to grant political asylum to the Communards threatened with imprisonment, banishment or execution. Hugo Victor, Choses vues, 1870–1885, Gallimard, 1972, 2-07-036141-1, p. 257. She wrote some 20,000 letters in which she expressed her passion or vented her jealousy on her womanizing lover. je ne l'ai plus ! Oh ! [49], Hugo's novels, as well as his plays, have been a great source of inspiration for musicians, stirring them to create not only opera and ballet but musical theatre such as Notre-Dame de Paris and the ever-popular Les Misérables, London West End's longest running musical. When Hugo returned to Paris in 1870, the country hailed him as a national hero. In 1812 Victor Fanneau de La Horie was arrested and executed. The City of Paris has preserved his residences Hauteville House, Guernsey, and 6, Place des Vosges, Paris, as museums. [62] There Hugo rented a house for her near Hauteville House, his family home. Let those who have loved me respect her. Pieuvre avec les initiales V.H., ("Octopus with the initials V.H. Le Rocher de l'Ermitage dans un paysage imaginaire ("Ermitage Rock in an imaginary landscape"). On 30 January 1876, he was elected to the newly created Senate. Je verrai cet instant jusqu'à ce que je meure, He published five more volumes of poetry (Les Orientales, 1829; Les Feuilles d'automne, 1831; Les Chants du crépuscule, 1835; Les Voix intérieures, 1837; and Les Rayons et les ombres, 1840) between 1829 and 1840. Claude Gueux, a documentary short story about a real-life murderer who had been executed in France, appeared in 1834 and was later considered by Hugo himself to be a precursor to his great work on social injustice, Les Misérables. His first collection of poetry (Odes et poésies diverses) was published in 1822 when he was only 20 years old and earned him a royal pension from Louis XVIII. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 18 août 2018 à 20:01. Madame Hugo and her children were sent back to Paris in 1808, where they moved to an old convent, 12 Impasse des Feuillantines, an isolated mansion in a deserted quarter of the left bank of the Seine. However, he enjoyed sharing his drawings with his family and friends, often in the form of ornately handmade calling cards, many of which were given as gifts to visitors when he was in political exile. Though a committed royalist when he was young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed, and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism serving in politics as both deputy and senator. The paraders marched for six hours past Hugo as he sat at the window at his house. From squid dishes and exhibitions, to squid hats and parties, Parisians became fascinated by these unusual sea creatures.[3]. Victor Hugo (natus die 26 Februarii 1802, Lutetiae 22 Maii 1885 obiit) fuit scriptor et poeta Francicus, qui tragoedias, mythistorias, et carmina scripsit. He was not only revered as a towering figure in literature, he was a statesman who shaped the Third Republic and democracy in France. Petri Liukkonen. It is a documentary short story about a real-life murderer who had been executed in France. While in exile, Hugo published his famous political pamphlets against Napoleon III, Napoléon le Petit and Histoire d'un crime. Mismas cosas: The same. In this poem, he describes visiting her grave. Woe to anyone who harms France! Le phénomène de la rêverie est fréquent dans de nombreuses circonstances de la vie, qu'il soit volontaire ou involontaire. Hugo, Victor, Choses vues, 1870–1885, Gallimard, 1972, p. 353. In particular, Hugo’s plays, in which he rejected the rules of classical theatre in favour of romantic drama, attracted the interest of many composers who adapted them into operas. In his youth, Hugo resolved to be "Chateaubriand or nothing", and his life would come to parallel that of his predecessor in many ways. A number of streets and avenues throughout France are likewise named after him. when I saw her open her wings and fly away! [33], Victor Hugo, who said "A war between Europeans is a civil war",[34] was an enthusiastic advocate for the creation of the United States of Europe. [12] Hernani announced the arrival of French romanticism: performed at the Comédie-Française, it was greeted with several nights of rioting as romantics and traditionalists clashed over the play's deliberate disregard for neo-classical rules.